Tensile Strength

Definition

Tensile strength is the pulling force necessary to break a given specimen divided by the cross-sectional area, measured in pounds per square inch (P.S.I.). It measures a material's resistance to stretching without rupture.

Purpose

Tensile strength indicates how much stress a material can withstand while being stretched before breaking. It is a critical property for materials used in construction, manufacturing, and engineering to ensure safety and durability.

Examples of Use

1. Steel Beams: The tensile strength of steel beams is a key factor in their use for supporting loads in buildings and bridges.
2. Cables and Wires: Materials used for cables and wires, such as those in suspension bridges or electrical transmission, are selected based on their high tensile strength.
3. Reinforced Concrete: The tensile strength of the steel reinforcement (rebar) is essential in providing the necessary support to concrete structures.

Related Terms

• Yield Strength: The stress at which a material begins to deform permanently.
• Compressive Strength: The capacity of a material to withstand loads that reduce size, opposite of tensile strength.
• Ductility: The ability of a material to deform under tensile stress.

Notes

• Testing: Tensile strength is determined through standardized tests that apply a uniaxial force to a specimen until it breaks.
• Material Selection: Engineers choose materials with appropriate tensile strength to match the specific requirements of the structure or component.