Balloon Frame

Definition

A balloon frame is a type of wooden building frame composed of closely spaced members, known as studs, which extend continuously from the sill at the foundation to the top plate at the roof line. This construction method allows for the walls and the floors to be built simultaneously.

Purpose

The primary purpose of balloon framing is to provide a strong and flexible structural framework for buildings, particularly residential homes. This method simplifies the construction process and offers significant strength and stability by using continuous vertical studs.

Examples of Use

1. Residential Homes: Balloon framing has been widely used in the construction of residential homes, especially in the United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
2. Multi-Story Buildings: It is suitable for multi-story buildings due to the continuous studs that provide stability and strength from the foundation to the roof.
3. Historic Buildings: Many historic buildings in North America feature balloon framing, showcasing its long-standing use and effectiveness.

Related Terms

• Studs: Vertical framing members in a building's wall structure that extend from the sill plate to the top plate.
• Sill Plate: The horizontal member placed at the bottom of a wall where the wall studs are attached, resting on the foundation.
• Top Plate: The horizontal member at the top of the wall to which the wall studs are attached, supporting the roof structure.
• Platform Frame: An alternative framing method where each floor is framed separately, with studs only extending from the floor below to the floor above.

Notes

• Fire Safety: One disadvantage of balloon framing is the potential for rapid vertical fire spread due to the continuous wall cavities, which can act as chimneys. Firestops are often added to mitigate this risk.
• Construction Efficiency: Balloon framing can be more efficient in terms of labor and materials compared to other framing methods, particularly for taller buildings.
• Modern Usage: While less common today due to the popularity of platform framing, balloon framing is still used in specific applications where its advantages outweigh its drawbacks.
• Historical Significance: Balloon framing played a crucial role in the rapid expansion and development of housing in North America during the 19th century.