Balloon Frame

Definition

A balloon frame is a wooden building frame composed of closely spaced members, known as studs, which extend continuously from the sill at the foundation to the top plate at the roof line. This construction method allows for a seamless vertical structure from the base to the roof.

Purpose

The primary purpose of a balloon frame is to create a strong and continuous structural framework for buildings, particularly suitable for multi-story constructions. By using continuous studs, balloon framing provides enhanced stability and load distribution, supporting intermediate floors and the roof.

Examples of Use

1. Residential Homes: Balloon framing is traditionally used in the construction of multi-story residential homes, providing a robust and continuous frame from the foundation to the roof.
2. Historic Buildings: Many historic buildings, particularly in North America, were constructed using balloon framing, showcasing its durability and effectiveness.
3. Tall Structures: Balloon framing is ideal for constructing tall structures where uninterrupted vertical load paths are beneficial for stability and strength.
4. Barns and Farmhouses: In rural settings, balloon framing has been commonly used for building barns and farmhouses due to its straightforward construction and reliable support.

Related Terms

• Studs: Vertical framing members that extend from the sill plate to the top plate in balloon framing.
• Sill Plate: The horizontal member at the bottom of the wall where studs are attached, resting on the foundation.
• Top Plate: The horizontal member at the top of the wall to which the studs are attached, supporting the roof structure.
• Platform Framing: A more modern framing method where each floor is built separately with studs extending only from one floor to the next.

Notes

• Fire Safety: Balloon framing can create continuous vertical cavities that act as chimneys for fire spread. Firestops are necessary to mitigate this risk.
• Construction Efficiency: While balloon framing can be efficient in creating a continuous frame, it requires long studs, which may be more challenging to handle and transport.
• Historical Significance: Balloon framing played a crucial role in the rapid expansion of housing during the 19th century in North America, allowing for quicker and more efficient construction.
• Modern Alternatives: Due to fire safety concerns and the difficulty of handling long studs, platform framing has become more popular in modern construction.