Barrel Vault

Definition

A barrel vault is an architectural element that consists of a segment of a cylinder forming an arch. It is used as a structural technique to support ceilings or roofs by having all the components act in compression, creating an "arched" ceiling.

Purpose

The primary purpose of a barrel vault is to create a strong, durable structure capable of spanning large spaces without the need for additional support materials like structural steel or timber. This type of vault effectively distributes weight and pressure along the curve, making it ideal for constructing robust, expansive interiors. Historically, it has been extensively used for its ability to create spacious, open rooms with aesthetically pleasing arches.

Examples of Use

1. Ancient Roman Architecture: Barrel vaults were commonly used in Roman buildings such as the Colosseum and aqueducts, providing strong and durable roofing solutions.
2. Medieval Cathedrals: Many Gothic cathedrals utilized barrel vaults to create large, open naves with soaring arches that enhance the architectural grandeur.
3. 19th Century Train Stations: Barrel vaults were employed in the construction of train stations to cover large areas, offering both functionality and an impressive visual effect.
4. Modern Architecture: Contemporary buildings sometimes incorporate barrel vaults in public spaces like museums and libraries to combine historical design elements with modern construction techniques.

Related Terms

• Groin Vault: A vault created by the intersection of two barrel vaults, forming a cross-shaped design that provides additional structural strength.
• Rib Vault: A framework of ribs or arches under the intersections of the vaulting sections, commonly used in Gothic architecture.
• Dome: A rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base.
• Arch: A curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight of a bridge, roof, or wall above it.

Notes

• Barrel vaults are inherently strong due to their shape, distributing weight and pressure efficiently across the structure.
• They require precise construction techniques to ensure the proper distribution of forces and to maintain stability.
• Maintenance of barrel vaults involves regular inspections for cracks or other structural issues, particularly in older buildings where the integrity of the materials might be compromised.
• The use of barrel vaults has declined with the advent of modern construction materials and techniques, but they remain a significant architectural feature in historical and some contemporary designs.