Column

Definition

A column is an upright structural member primarily used to support axial compression loads, with a height of at least three times its least lateral dimension. It consists of a base, shaft, and capital.

Purpose

The purpose of a column is to transfer loads from the roof, ceiling, or upper floors to the foundation, ensuring the structural integrity of a building or structure.

Examples of Use

• Columns are used in buildings to support beams and slabs, transferring the loads to the foundation.
• In classical architecture, columns are often decorative as well as structural, featuring distinct styles such as Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
• Industrial structures use steel columns to support heavy loads and large spans.

Related Terms

• Pillar: Similar to a column but may not be load-bearing; often used for decorative purposes.
• Beam: A horizontal structural element supported by columns or walls.
• Load-Bearing Wall: A wall that supports vertical loads in addition to its own weight.

Notes

Columns must be designed to handle both axial loads and any potential lateral forces, such as wind or seismic activity, to ensure overall stability.